\u6a21\u677f\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5177<\/strong>\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u590d\u7528\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6a21\u677f\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5f62\u53c2\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5177\u4f53\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\u6765\u4ee3\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n template\uff1a\u58f0\u660e\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u677f<\/p>\n\n\n\n typename\uff1a\u8868\u660e\u5176\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528class\u4ee3\u66ff<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\uff1a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6848\u4f8b\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u6a21\u677f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u533a\u522b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u786e\u5b9a\u901a\u7528\u7c7b\u578bT<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8c03\u7528\u89c4\u5219\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u5c31\u4e0d\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8c\u4e49\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f20\u5165\u7684a\u548cb\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u518d\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679cT\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u662f\u50cfPerson\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u56e0\u6b64C++\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u677f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n template\uff1a\u58f0\u660e\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u677f<\/p>\n\n\n\n typename\uff1a\u8868\u660e\u5176\u540e\u9762\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528class\u4ee3\u66ff<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\uff1a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u8bed\u6cd5\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u6a21\u677ftemplate\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u7c7b\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u79f0\u4e3a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u533a\u522b\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u673a\u662f\u6709\u533a\u522b\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u624d\u53bb\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e00\u5171\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u4f20\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5f53\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u78b0\u5230\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7236\u7c7b\u662f\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u51fa\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2dT\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u80fd\u591f\u638c\u63e1\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u89e3\u51b3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n person.hpp\u4e2d\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u5199.cpp\u4e2d\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\uff0c\u5c06\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u5199\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u6539\u4e3a.hpp<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u58f0\u660e\u53cb\u5143\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u77e5\u9053\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u5efa\u8bae\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u505a\u7c7b\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u7528\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc6\u522b<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6848\u4f8b\u63cf\u8ff0: \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n myArray.hpp\u4e2d\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u6848\u4f8b\u2014\u6570\u7ec4\u7c7b\u5c01\u88c5.cpp\u4e2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u6240\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6570\u7ec4<\/p>\n\n\n\n STL\u5927\u4f53\u5206\u4e3a\u516d\u5927\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u5bb9\u5668\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u3001\u4eff\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u9002\u914d\u5668\uff08\u914d\u63a5\u5668\uff09\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u914d\u7f6e\u5668<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5bb9\u5668\uff1a<\/strong>\u7f6e\u7269\u4e4b\u6240\u4e5f<\/p>\n\n\n\n STL\u5bb9\u5668<\/strong>\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u8fd0\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u94fe\u8868\u3001\u6811\u3001\u6808\u3001\u961f\u5217\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u3001\u6620\u5c04\u8868\u7b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bb9\u5668\u5206\u4e3a\u5e8f\u5217\u5f0f\u5bb9\u5668<\/strong>\u548c\u5173\u8054\u5f0f\u5bb9\u5668<\/strong>\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong>\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u89e3\u6cd5\u4e5f<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6709\u9650\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u53eb\u505a\u7b97\u6cd5(Algorithms)<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7b97\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u8d28\u53d8\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\u548c\u975e\u8d28\u53d8\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff1a<\/strong>\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7c98\u5408\u5242<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u80fd\u591f\u4f9d\u5e8f\u5bfb\u8bbf\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u6240\u542b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u53c8\u65e0\u9700\u66b4\u9732\u8be5\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u5f0f <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u521d\u5b66\u9636\u6bb5\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u5c06\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u79cd\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n ps\uff1a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u4e3a\u53cc\u5411\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u548c\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/p>\n\n\n\n STL\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u4e3avector\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4 <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5bb9\u5668\uff1a \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff1a \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u6807\uff1avector\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5b66\u4e60\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5957\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\u8f93\u51fa<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u672c\u8d28\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n string\u548cchar* \u533a\u522b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n string\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u6210\u5458\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1afind\u3001copy\u3001delete\u3001replace\u3001insert\u7b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n string\u7ba1\u7406char*\u6240\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u62c5\u5fc3\u590d\u5236\u8d8a\u754c\u548c\u53d6\u503c\u8d8a\u754c\u7b49\uff0c\u7531\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\u8d1f\u8d23<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1astring\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u5f0f\u6ca1\u6709\u4f18\u52a3\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u4f7f\u7528\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u529f\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8d4b\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n string\u7684\u8d4b\u503c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f88\u591a\uff0c \u529f\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
1.2 \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
1.2.1 \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
template<typename T>
\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u6216\u5b9a\u4e49<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\/\/\u4ea4\u6362\u6574\u578b\u51fd\u6570
void swapInt(int& a, int& b) {
\tint temp = a;
\ta = b;
\tb = temp;
}
\/\/\u4ea4\u6362\u6d6e\u70b9\u578b\u51fd\u6570
void swapDouble(double& a, double& b) {
\tdouble temp = a;
\ta = b;
\tb = temp;
}
\/\/\u5229\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u63d0\u4f9b\u901a\u7528\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u51fd\u6570
template<typename T>
void mySwap(T& a, T& b)
{
\tT temp = a;
\ta = b;
\tb = temp;
}
void test01()
{
\tint a = 10;
\tint b = 20;
\t
\t\/\/swapInt(a, b);
\t\/\/\u5229\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ea4\u6362
\t\/\/1\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc
\tmySwap(a, b);
\t\/\/2\u3001\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b
\tmySwap<int>(a, b);
\tcout << \"a = \" << a << endl;
\tcout << \"b = \" << b << endl;
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
1.2.2 \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\/\/\u5229\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u63d0\u4f9b\u901a\u7528\u7684\u4ea4\u6362\u51fd\u6570
template<class T>
void mySwap(T& a, T& b)
{
\tT temp = a;
\ta = b;
\tb = temp;
}
\/\/ 1\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578bT,\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528
void test01()
{
\tint a = 10;
\tint b = 20;
\tchar c = 'c';
\tmySwap(a, b); \/\/ \u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e00\u81f4\u7684T
\t\/\/mySwap(a, c); \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u4e0d\u51fa\u4e00\u81f4\u7684T\u7c7b\u578b
}
\/\/ 2\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u51faT\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528
template<class T>
void func()
{
\tcout << \"func \u8c03\u7528\" << endl;
}
void test02()
{
\t\/\/func(); \/\/\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6a21\u677f\u4e0d\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u5b9a\u51faT\u7684\u7c7b\u578b
\tfunc<int>(); \/\/\u5229\u7528\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ed9T\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6a21\u677f
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\ttest02();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
1.2.3 \u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u6848\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\/\/\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f
template<typename T>
void mySwap(T &a, T &b)
{
T temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
\u200b
\u200b
template<class T> \/\/ \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6210typename
\/\/\u5229\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u6570\u7ec4\u4ece\u5927\u5230\u5c0f\u7684\u6392\u5e8f
void mySort(T arr[], int len)
{
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
int max = i; \/\/\u6700\u5927\u6570\u7684\u4e0b\u6807
for (int j = i + 1; j < len; j++)
{
if (arr[max] < arr[j])
{
max = j;
}
}
if (max != i) \/\/\u5982\u679c\u6700\u5927\u6570\u7684\u4e0b\u6807\u4e0d\u662fi\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u8005
{
mySwap(arr[max], arr[i]);
}
}
}
template<typename T>
void printArray(T arr[], int len) {
\u200b
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
cout << arr[i] << \" \";
}
cout << endl;
}
void test01()
{
\/\/\u6d4b\u8bd5char\u6570\u7ec4
char charArr[] = \"bdcfeagh\";
int num = sizeof(charArr) \/ sizeof(char);
mySort(charArr, num);
printArray(charArr, num);
}
\u200b
void test02()
{
\/\/\u6d4b\u8bd5int\u6570\u7ec4
int intArr[] = { 7, 5, 8, 1, 3, 9, 2, 4, 6 };
int num = sizeof(intArr) \/ sizeof(int);
mySort(intArr, num);
printArray(intArr, num);
}
\u200b
int main() {
\u200b
test01();
test02();
\u200b
system(\"pause\");
\u200b
return 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n1.2.4 \u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\/\/\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570
int myAdd01(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
\u200b
\/\/\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f
template<class T>
T myAdd02(T a, T b)
{
return a + b;
}
\u200b
\/\/\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5373\u9690\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362
void test01()
{
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
char c = 'c';
cout << myAdd01(a, c) << endl; \/\/\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5c06char\u7c7b\u578b\u7684'c'\u9690\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aint\u7c7b\u578b 'c' \u5bf9\u5e94 ASCII\u7801 99
\u200b
\/\/myAdd02(a, c); \/\/ \u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u9690\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362
\u200b
myAdd02<int>(a, c); \/\/\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u9690\u5f0f\u7c7b\u578b\u8f6c\u6362
}
\u200b
int main() {
\u200b
test01();
\u200b
system(\"pause\");
\u200b
return 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n1.2.5 \u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u89c4\u5219<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\/\/\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u8c03\u7528\u89c4\u5219
void myPrint(int a, int b)
{
cout << \"\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\" << endl;
}
\u200b
template<typename T>
void myPrint(T a, T b)
{
cout << \"\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u677f\" << endl;
}
\u200b
template<typename T>
void myPrint(T a, T b, T c)
{
cout << \"\u8c03\u7528\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u6a21\u677f\" << endl;
}
\u200b
void test01()
{
\/\/1\u3001\u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u548c\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570
\/\/ \u6ce8\u610f \u5982\u679c\u544a\u8bc9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668 \u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u58f0\u660e\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u627e\u4e0d\u5230
int a = 10;
int b = 20;
myPrint(a, b); \/\/\u8c03\u7528\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570
\u200b
\/\/2\u3001\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7a7a\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u6765\u5f3a\u5236\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f
myPrint<>(a, b); \/\/\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f
\u200b
\/\/3\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u8f7d
int c = 30;
myPrint(a, b, c); \/\/\u8c03\u7528\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f
\u200b
\/\/4\u3001 \u5982\u679c\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5339\u914d,\u4f18\u5148\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f
char c1 = 'a';
char c2 = 'b';
myPrint(c1, c2); \/\/\u8c03\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f
}
\u200b
int main() {
\u200b
test01();
\u200b
system(\"pause\");
\u200b
return 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n1.2.6 \u6a21\u677f\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\ttemplate<class T>
\tvoid f(T a, T b)
\t{
\ta = b;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\ttemplate<class T>
\tvoid f(T a, T b)
\t{
\tif(a > b) { ... }
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
class Person
{
public:
\tPerson(string name, int age)
\t{
\t\tthis->m_Name = name;
\t\tthis->m_Age = age;
\t}
\tstring m_Name;
\tint m_Age;
};
\/\/\u666e\u901a\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f
template<class T>
bool myCompare(T& a, T& b)
{
\tif (a == b)
\t{
\t\treturn true;
\t}
\telse
\t{
\t\treturn false;
\t}
}
\/\/\u5177\u4f53\u5316\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u7684\u539f\u578b\u548c\u5b9a\u610f\u601d\u4ee5template<>\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u6307\u51fa\u7c7b\u578b
\/\/\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u5e38\u89c4\u6a21\u677f
template<> bool myCompare(Person &p1, Person &p2)
{
\tif ( p1.m_Name == p2.m_Name && p1.m_Age == p2.m_Age)
\t{
\t\treturn true;
\t}
\telse
\t{
\t\treturn false;
\t}
}
void test01()
{
\tint a = 10;
\tint b = 20;
\t\/\/\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f
\tbool ret = myCompare(a, b);
\tif (ret)
\t{
\t\tcout << \"a == b \" << endl;
\t}
\telse
\t{
\t\tcout << \"a != b \" << endl;
\t}
}
void test02()
{
\tPerson p1(\"Tom\", 10);
\tPerson p2(\"Tom\", 10);
\t\/\/\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f
\t\/\/\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u7684Person\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b
\tbool ret = myCompare(p1, p2);
\tif (ret)
\t{
\t\tcout << \"p1 == p2 \" << endl;
\t}
\telse
\t{
\t\tcout << \"p1 != p2 \" << endl;
\t}
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\ttest02();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
1.3 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
1.3.1 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
template<typename T>
\u7c7b<\/pre>\n\n\n\n#include<string>
\/\/\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f
template<class NameType, class AgeType>
class Person
{
public:
Person(NameType name, AgeType age)
{
this->mName = name;
this->mAge = age;
}
void showPerson()
{
cout << \"name: \" << this->mName << \" age: \" << this->mAge << endl;
}
public:
NameType mName;
AgeType mAge;
};
\u200b
void test01()
{
\/\/\u6307\u5b9aNameType\u4e3astring\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cAgeType\u4e3aint\u7c7b\u578b
Person<string, int>P1(\"\u5b59\u609f\u7a7a\", 999);
P1.showPerson();
}
\u200b
int main() {
\u200b
test01();
\u200b
system(\"pause\");
\u200b
return 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n1.3.2 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u533a\u522b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
#include<string>
\/\/\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f
template<class NameType, class AgeType = int>
class Person
{
public:
\tPerson(NameType name, AgeType age)
\t{
\t\tthis->mName = name;
\t\tthis->mAge = age;
\t}
\tvoid showPerson()
\t{
\t\tcout << \"name: \" << this->mName << \" age: \" << this->mAge << endl;
\t}
public:
\tNameType mName;
\tAgeType mAge;
};
\/\/1\u3001\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f
void test01()
{
\t\/\/ Person p(\"\u5b59\u609f\u7a7a\", 1000); \/\/ \u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u7c7b\u578b\u63a8\u5bfc
\tPerson <string ,int>p(\"\u5b59\u609f\u7a7a\", 1000); \/\/\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u5fc5\u987b\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b
\tp.showPerson();
}
\/\/2\u3001\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570
void test02()
{
\tPerson <string> p(\"\u732a\u516b\u6212\", 999); \/\/\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570
\tp.showPerson();
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\ttest02();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
1.3.3 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u673a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
class Person1
{
public:
\tvoid showPerson1()
\t{
\t\tcout << \"Person1 show\" << endl;
\t}
};
class Person2
{
public:
\tvoid showPerson2()
\t{
\t\tcout << \"Person2 show\" << endl;
\t}
};
template<class T>
class MyClass
{
public:
\tT obj;
\t\/\/\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u677f\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u518d\u751f\u6210
\tvoid fun1() { obj.showPerson1(); }
\tvoid fun2() { obj.showPerson2(); }
};
void test01()
{
\tMyClass<Person1> m;
\t
\tm.fun1();
\t\/\/m.fun2();\/\/\u7f16\u8bd1\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u624d\u4f1a\u53bb\u521b\u5efa\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n1.3.4 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u5bf9\u8c61\u505a\u51fd\u6570\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
#include<string>
\/\/\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f
template<class NameType, class AgeType = int>
class Person
{
public:
\tPerson(NameType name, AgeType age)
\t{
\t\tthis->mName = name;
\t\tthis->mAge = age;
\t}
\tvoid showPerson()
\t{
\t\tcout << \"name: \" << this->mName << \" age: \" << this->mAge << endl;
\t}
public:
\tNameType mName;
\tAgeType mAge;
};
\/\/1\u3001\u6307\u5b9a\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u7c7b\u578b
void printPerson1(Person<string, int> &p)
{
\tp.showPerson();
}
void test01()
{
\tPerson <string, int>p(\"\u5b59\u609f\u7a7a\", 100);
\tprintPerson1(p);
}
\/\/2\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u5316
template <class T1, class T2>
void printPerson2(Person<T1, T2>&p)
{
\tp.showPerson();
\tcout << \"T1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\uff1a \" << typeid(T1).name() << endl;
\tcout << \"T2\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\uff1a \" << typeid(T2).name() << endl;
}
void test02()
{
\tPerson <string, int >p(\"\u732a\u516b\u6212\", 90);
\tprintPerson2(p);
}
\/\/3\u3001\u6574\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u5316
template<class T>
void printPerson3(T &p)
{
\tcout << \"T\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\uff1a \" << typeid(T).name() << endl;
\tp.showPerson();
}
void test03()
{
\tPerson <string, int >p(\"\u5510\u50e7\", 30);
\tprintPerson3(p);
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\ttest02();
\ttest03();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n\n
1.3.5 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e0e\u7ee7\u627f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
template<class T>
class Base
{
\tT m;
};
\/\/class Son:public Base \/\/\u9519\u8bef\uff0cc++\u7f16\u8bd1\u9700\u8981\u7ed9\u5b50\u7c7b\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u77e5\u9053\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2dT\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e0b\u7ee7\u627f
class Son:public Base<int> \/\/\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b
{
};
void test01()
{
\tSon c;
}
\/\/\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u7ee7\u627f\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f ,\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528T2\u6307\u5b9a\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684T\u7c7b\u578b
template<class T1, class T2>
class Son2:public Base<T2>
{
public:
\tSon2()
\t{
\t\tcout << typeid(T1).name() << endl;
\t\tcout << typeid(T2).name() << endl;
\t}
};
void test02()
{
\tSon2<int, char> child1;
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\ttest02();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n1.3.6 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include<string>
\/\/\u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0
template<class T1, class T2>
class Person {
public:
\t\/\/\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7c7b\u5185\u58f0\u660e
\tPerson(T1 name, T2 age);
\tvoid showPerson();
public:
\tT1 m_Name;
\tT2 m_Age;
};
\/\/\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 \u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0
template<class T1, class T2>
Person<T1, T2>::Person(T1 name, T2 age) {
\tthis->m_Name = name;
\tthis->m_Age = age;
}
\/\/\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570 \u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0
template<class T1, class T2>
void Person<T1, T2>::showPerson() {
\tcout << \"\u59d3\u540d: \" << this->m_Name << \" \u5e74\u9f84:\" << this->m_Age << endl;
}
void test01()
{
\tPerson<string, int> p(\"Tom\", 20);
\tp.showPerson();
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n1.3.7 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u5199<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
template<class T1, class T2>
class Person {
public:
\tPerson(T1 name, T2 age);
\tvoid showPerson();
public:
\tT1 m_Name;
\tT2 m_Age;
};
\/\/\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570 \u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0
template<class T1, class T2>
Person<T1, T2>::Person(T1 name, T2 age) {
\tthis->m_Name = name;
\tthis->m_Age = age;
}
\/\/\u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570 \u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0
template<class T1, class T2>
void Person<T1, T2>::showPerson() {
\tcout << \"\u59d3\u540d: \" << this->m_Name << \" \u5e74\u9f84:\" << this->m_Age << endl;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
\/\/#include \"person.h\"
#include \"person.cpp\" \/\/\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f1\uff0c\u5305\u542bcpp\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6
\/\/\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f2\uff0c\u5c06\u58f0\u660e\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5199\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u540d\u6539\u4e3a.hpp
#include \"person.hpp\"
void test01()
{
\tPerson<string, int> p(\"Tom\", 10);
\tp.showPerson();
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n1.3.8 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u4e0e\u53cb\u5143<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
#include <string>
\/\/2\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u914d\u5408\u53cb\u5143 \u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0 - \u5148\u505a\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u4e0b\u65b9\u5728\u505a\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u518d\u505a\u53cb\u5143
template<class T1, class T2> class Person;
\/\/\u5982\u679c\u58f0\u660e\u4e86\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u5199\u5230\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f53\u5199\u5230\u7c7b\u7684\u524d\u9762\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u63d0\u524d\u770b\u5230
\/\/template<class T1, class T2> void printPerson2(Person<T1, T2> & p);
template<class T1, class T2>
void printPerson2(Person<T1, T2> & p)
{
\tcout << \"\u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0 ---- \u59d3\u540d\uff1a \" << p.m_Name << \" \u5e74\u9f84\uff1a\" << p.m_Age << endl;
}
template<class T1, class T2>
class Person
{
\t\/\/1\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u914d\u5408\u53cb\u5143 \u7c7b\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0
\tfriend void printPerson(Person<T1, T2> & p)
\t{
\t\tcout << \"\u59d3\u540d\uff1a \" << p.m_Name << \" \u5e74\u9f84\uff1a\" << p.m_Age << endl;
\t}
\t\/\/\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u914d\u5408\u53cb\u5143 \u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0
\tfriend void printPerson2<>(Person<T1, T2> & p);
public:
\tPerson(T1 name, T2 age)
\t{
\t\tthis->m_Name = name;
\t\tthis->m_Age = age;
\t}
private:
\tT1 m_Name;
\tT2 m_Age;
};
\/\/1\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u7c7b\u5185\u5b9e\u73b0
void test01()
{
\tPerson <string, int >p(\"Tom\", 20);
\tprintPerson(p);
}
\/\/2\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u7c7b\u5916\u5b9e\u73b0
void test02()
{
\tPerson <string, int >p(\"Jerry\", 30);
\tprintPerson2(p);
}
int main() {
\t\/\/test01();
\ttest02();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n1.3.9 \u7c7b\u6a21\u677f\u6848\u4f8b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<class T>
class MyArray
{
public:
\t\/\/\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
\tMyArray(int capacity)
\t{
\t\tthis->m_Capacity = capacity;
\t\tthis->m_Size = 0;
\t\tpAddress = new T[this->m_Capacity];
\t}
\t\/\/\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020
\tMyArray(const MyArray & arr)
\t{
\t\tthis->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
\t\tthis->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
\t\tthis->pAddress = new T[this->m_Capacity];
\t\tfor (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++)
\t\t{
\t\t\t\/\/\u5982\u679cT\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u8f7d = \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b49\u53f7\u4e0d\u662f \u6784\u9020 \u800c\u662f\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c
\t\t\t\/\/ \u666e\u901a\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5= \u4f46\u662f\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u62f7\u8d1d
\t\t\tthis->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
\t\t}
\t}
\t\/\/\u91cd\u8f7d= \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26 \u9632\u6b62\u6d45\u62f7\u8d1d\u95ee\u9898
\tMyArray& operator=(const MyArray& myarray) {
\t\tif (this->pAddress != NULL) {
\t\t\tdelete[] this->pAddress;
\t\t\tthis->m_Capacity = 0;
\t\t\tthis->m_Size = 0;
\t\t}
\t\tthis->m_Capacity = myarray.m_Capacity;
\t\tthis->m_Size = myarray.m_Size;
\t\tthis->pAddress = new T[this->m_Capacity];
\t\tfor (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++) {
\t\t\tthis->pAddress[i] = myarray[i];
\t\t}
\t\treturn *this;
\t}
\t\/\/\u91cd\u8f7d[] \u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26 arr[0]
\tT& operator [](int index)
\t{
\t\treturn this->pAddress[index]; \/\/\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8d8a\u754c\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u5904\u7406
\t}
\t\/\/\u5c3e\u63d2\u6cd5
\tvoid Push_back(const T & val)
\t{
\t\tif (this->m_Capacity == this->m_Size)
\t\t{
\t\t\treturn;
\t\t}
\t\tthis->pAddress[this->m_Size] = val;
\t\tthis->m_Size++;
\t}
\t\/\/\u5c3e\u5220\u6cd5
\tvoid Pop_back()
\t{
\t\tif (this->m_Size == 0)
\t\t{
\t\t\treturn;
\t\t}
\t\tthis->m_Size--;
\t}
\t\/\/\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u5bb9\u91cf
\tint getCapacity()
\t{
\t\treturn this->m_Capacity;
\t}
\t\/\/\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f
\tint\tgetSize()
\t{
\t\treturn this->m_Size;
\t}
\t\/\/\u6790\u6784
\t~MyArray()
\t{
\t\tif (this->pAddress != NULL)
\t\t{
\t\t\tdelete[] this->pAddress;
\t\t\tthis->pAddress = NULL;
\t\t\tthis->m_Capacity = 0;
\t\t\tthis->m_Size = 0;
\t\t}
\t}
private:
\tT * pAddress; \/\/\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u5806\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b58\u50a8\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6570\u636e
\tint m_Capacity; \/\/\u5bb9\u91cf
\tint m_Size; \/\/ \u5927\u5c0f
};<\/pre>\n\n\n\n#include \"myArray.hpp\"
#include <string>
void printIntArray(MyArray<int>& arr) {
\tfor (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i++) {
\t\tcout << arr[i] << \" \";
\t}
\tcout << endl;
}
\/\/\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b
void test01()
{
\tMyArray<int> array1(10);
\tfor (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
\t{
\t\tarray1.Push_back(i);
\t}
\tcout << \"array1\u6253\u5370\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\" << endl;
\tprintIntArray(array1);
\tcout << \"array1\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\" << array1.getSize() << endl;
\tcout << \"array1\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\" << array1.getCapacity() << endl;
\tcout << \"--------------------------\" << endl;
\tMyArray<int> array2(array1);
\tarray2.Pop_back();
\tcout << \"array2\u6253\u5370\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\" << endl;
\tprintIntArray(array2);
\tcout << \"array2\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\" << array2.getSize() << endl;
\tcout << \"array2\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\" << array2.getCapacity() << endl;
}
\/\/\u6d4b\u8bd5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b
class Person {
public:
\tPerson() {}
\t\tPerson(string name, int age) {
\t\tthis->m_Name = name;
\t\tthis->m_Age = age;
\t}
public:
\tstring m_Name;
\tint m_Age;
};
void printPersonArray(MyArray<Person>& personArr)
{
\tfor (int i = 0; i < personArr.getSize(); i++) {
\t\tcout << \"\u59d3\u540d\uff1a\" << personArr[i].m_Name << \" \u5e74\u9f84\uff1a \" << personArr[i].m_Age << endl;
\t}
}
void test02()
{
\t\/\/\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u7ec4
\tMyArray<Person> pArray(10);
\tPerson p1(\"\u5b59\u609f\u7a7a\", 30);
\tPerson p2(\"\u97e9\u4fe1\", 20);
\tPerson p3(\"\u59b2\u5df1\", 18);
\tPerson p4(\"\u738b\u662d\u541b\", 15);
\tPerson p5(\"\u8d75\u4e91\", 24);
\t\/\/\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e
\tpArray.Push_back(p1);
\tpArray.Push_back(p2);
\tpArray.Push_back(p3);
\tpArray.Push_back(p4);
\tpArray.Push_back(p5);
\tprintPersonArray(pArray);
\tcout << \"pArray\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\" << pArray.getSize() << endl;
\tcout << \"pArray\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff1a\" << pArray.getCapacity() << endl;
}
int main() {
\t\/\/test01();
\ttest02();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n2 STL\u521d\u8bc6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
2.1 STL\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
2.2 STL\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
2.3 STL\u516d\u5927\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
2.4 \u5bb9\u5668\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\u79cd\u7c7b<\/th> \u529f\u80fd<\/th> \u652f\u6301\u8fd0\u7b97<\/th><\/tr><\/thead> \u8f93\u5165\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/td> \u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ea\u8bfb\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td> \u53ea\u8bfb\uff0c\u652f\u6301++\u3001==\u3001!=<\/td><\/tr> \u8f93\u51fa\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/td> \u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ea\u5199\u8bbf\u95ee<\/td> \u53ea\u5199\uff0c\u652f\u6301++<\/td><\/tr> \u524d\u5411\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/td> \u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u5411\u524d\u63a8\u8fdb\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/td> \u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u652f\u6301++\u3001==\u3001!=<\/td><\/tr> \u53cc\u5411\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/td> \u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u5411\u524d\u548c\u5411\u540e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td> \u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u652f\u6301++\u3001–\uff0c<\/td><\/tr> \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/td> \u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u8df3\u8dc3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/td> \u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u652f\u6301++\u3001–\u3001[n]\u3001-n\u3001<\u3001<=\u3001>\u3001>=<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n 2.5 \u5bb9\u5668\u7b97\u6cd5\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u521d\u8bc6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
2.5.1 vector\u5b58\u653e\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
vector<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\nfor_each<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\nvector<int>::iterator<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
void MyPrint(int val)
{
\tcout << val << endl;
}
void test01() {
\t\/\/\u521b\u5efavector\u5bb9\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u677f\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u5b58\u653e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b
\tvector<int> v;
\t\/\/\u5411\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u653e\u6570\u636e
\tv.push_back(10);
\tv.push_back(20);
\tv.push_back(30);
\tv.push_back(40);
\t\/\/\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u662f\u7528\u6765\u904d\u5386\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20
\t\/\/v.begin()\u8fd4\u56de\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u6307\u5411\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e
\t\/\/v.end()\u8fd4\u56de\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u6307\u5411\u5bb9\u5668\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e
\t\/\/vector<int>::iterator \u62ff\u5230vector<int>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bb9\u5668\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u7c7b\u578b
\tvector<int>::iterator pBegin = v.begin();
\tvector<int>::iterator pEnd = v.end();
\t\/\/\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
\twhile (pBegin != pEnd) {
\t\tcout << *pBegin << endl;
\t\tpBegin++;
\t}
\t
\t\/\/\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
\tfor (vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++) {
\t\tcout << *it << endl;
\t}
\tcout << endl;
\t\/\/\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u904d\u5386\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a
\t\/\/\u4f7f\u7528STL\u63d0\u4f9b\u6807\u51c6\u904d\u5386\u7b97\u6cd5 \u5934\u6587\u4ef6algorithm
\tfor_each(v.begin(), v.end(), MyPrint);
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n2.5.2 vector\u5b58\u653e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <vector>
#include <string>
\/\/\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b
class Person {
public:
\tPerson(string name, int age) {
\t\tmName = name;
\t\tmAge = age;
\t}
public:
\tstring mName;
\tint mAge;
};
\/\/\u5b58\u653e\u5bf9\u8c61
void test01() {
\tvector<Person> v;
\t\/\/\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e
\tPerson p1(\"aaa\", 10);
\tPerson p2(\"bbb\", 20);
\tPerson p3(\"ccc\", 30);
\tPerson p4(\"ddd\", 40);
\tPerson p5(\"eee\", 50);
\tv.push_back(p1);
\tv.push_back(p2);
\tv.push_back(p3);
\tv.push_back(p4);
\tv.push_back(p5);
\tfor (vector<Person>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++) {
\t\tcout << \"Name:\" << (*it).mName << \" Age:\" << (*it).mAge << endl;
\t}
}
\/\/\u653e\u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u9488
void test02() {
\tvector<Person*> v;
\t\/\/\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e
\tPerson p1(\"aaa\", 10);
\tPerson p2(\"bbb\", 20);
\tPerson p3(\"ccc\", 30);
\tPerson p4(\"ddd\", 40);
\tPerson p5(\"eee\", 50);
\tv.push_back(&p1);
\tv.push_back(&p2);
\tv.push_back(&p3);
\tv.push_back(&p4);
\tv.push_back(&p5);
\tfor (vector<Person*>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++) {
\t\tPerson * p = (*it);
\t\tcout << \"Name:\" << p->mName << \" Age:\" << (*it)->mAge << endl;
\t}
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\ttest02();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n2.5.3 ector\u5bb9\u5668\u5d4c\u5957\u5bb9\u5668<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <vector>
\/\/\u5bb9\u5668\u5d4c\u5957\u5bb9\u5668
void test01() {
\tvector< vector<int> > v;
\tvector<int> v1;
\tvector<int> v2;
\tvector<int> v3;
\tvector<int> v4;
\tfor (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
\t\tv1.push_back(i + 1);
\t\tv2.push_back(i + 2);
\t\tv3.push_back(i + 3);
\t\tv4.push_back(i + 4);
\t}
\t\/\/\u5c06\u5bb9\u5668\u5143\u7d20\u63d2\u5165\u5230vector v\u4e2d
\tv.push_back(v1);
\tv.push_back(v2);
\tv.push_back(v3);
\tv.push_back(v4);
\tfor (vector<vector<int>>::iterator it = v.begin(); it != v.end(); it++) {
\t\tfor (vector<int>::iterator vit = (*it).begin(); vit != (*it).end(); vit++) {
\t\t\tcout << *vit << \" \";
\t\t}
\t\tcout << endl;
\t}
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n3 STL- \u5e38\u7528\u5bb9\u5668<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3.1 string\u5bb9\u5668<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
3.1.1 string\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
3.1.2 string\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
string();<\/code> \/\/\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring(const char* s);<\/code> \/\/\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring(const string& str);<\/code> \/\/\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2astring\u5bf9\u8c61\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2astring\u5bf9\u8c61<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring(int n, char c);<\/code> \/\/\u4f7f\u7528n\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26c\u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n#include <string>
\/\/string\u6784\u9020
void test01()
{
string s1; \/\/\u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u65e0\u53c2\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
cout << \"str1 = \" << s1 << endl;
\u200b
const char* str = \"hello world\";
string s2(str); \/\/\u628ac_string\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u4e86string
\u200b
cout << \"str2 = \" << s2 << endl;
\u200b
string s3(s2); \/\/\u8c03\u7528\u62f7\u8d1d\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570
cout << \"str3 = \" << s3 << endl;
\u200b
string s4(10, 'a');
cout << \"str3 = \" << s3 << endl;
}
\u200b
int main() {
\u200b
test01();
\u200b
system(\"pause\");
\u200b
return 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\n3.1.3 string\u8d4b\u503c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
string& operator=(const char* s);<\/code> \/\/\u628achar*\u7c7b\u578b\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8d4b\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& operator=(const string &s);<\/code> \/\/\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s\u8d4b\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& operator=(char c);<\/code> \/\/\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& assign(const char *s);<\/code> \/\/\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s\u8d4b\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& assign(const char *s, int n);<\/code> \/\/\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s\u7684\u524dn\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8d4b\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& assign(const string &s);<\/code> \/\/\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s\u8d4b\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& assign(int n, char c);<\/code> \/\/\u628an\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26c\u8d4b\u7ed9\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\/\/\u8d4b\u503c
void test01()
{
\tstring str1;
\tstr1 = \"hello world\";
\tcout << \"str1 = \" << str1 << endl;
\tstring str2;
\tstr2 = str1;
\tcout << \"str2 = \" << str2 << endl;
\tstring str3;
\tstr3 = 'a';
\tcout << \"str3 = \" << str3 << endl;
\tstring str4;
\tstr4.assign(\"hello c++\");
\tcout << \"str4 = \" << str4 << endl;
\tstring str5;
\tstr5.assign(\"hello c++\",5);
\tcout << \"str5 = \" << str5 << endl;
\tstring str6;
\tstr6.assign(str5);
\tcout << \"str6 = \" << str6 << endl;
\tstring str7;
\tstr7.assign(5, 'x');
\tcout << \"str7 = \" << str7 << endl;
}
int main() {
\ttest01();
\tsystem(\"pause\");
\treturn 0;
}<\/pre>\n\n\n\noperator=<\/code> \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b9e\u7528\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n\n3.1.4 string\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
string& operator+=(const char* str);<\/code> \/\/\u91cd\u8f7d+=\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& operator+=(const char c);<\/code> \/\/\u91cd\u8f7d+=\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& operator+=(const string& str);<\/code> \/\/\u91cd\u8f7d+=\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& append(const char *s);<\/code> \/\/\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& append(const char *s, int n);<\/code> \/\/\u628a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s\u7684\u524dn\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& append(const string &s);<\/code> \/\/\u540coperator+=(const string& str)<\/li>\n\n\n\nstring& append(const string &s, int pos, int n);<\/code>\/\/\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32s\u4e2d\u4ecepos\u5f00\u59cb\u7684n\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7ed3\u5c3e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\/\/\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5