{"id":1202,"date":"2024-09-19T11:24:52","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T03:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/114.55.108.251\/?p=1202"},"modified":"2025-06-05T11:42:00","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T03:42:00","slug":"linux%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b-part1-%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/?p=1202","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b Part1 \u7f51\u7edc\u57fa\u7840"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u534f\u8bae<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u4ece\u5e94\u7528\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u89e3\u91ca<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5178\u578b\u534f\u8bae<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff1aHTTP\u3001FTP\u3001NFS\u3001SSH\u3001telnet<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\uff1aTCP\u3001UDP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\uff1aIP\u3001ICMP\u3001IGMP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u94fe\u8def\u5c42\uff1a\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u534f\u8bae\u3001ARP <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">c\/s\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u67b6\u6784 client\/server<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f13\u5b58\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u534f\u8bae\u9009\u62e9\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9a\u5236\u3001\u526a\u88c1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8f83\u5dee<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u5927<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">b\/s\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u67b6\u6784 browser\/server<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u597d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u6cd5\u7f13\u5b58<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ea\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u534f\u8bae<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5206\u5c42\u6a21\u578b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">OSI\u4e03\u5c42\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7269\u3001\u6570\u3001\u7f51\u3001\u4f20\u3001\u4f1a\u3001\u8868\u3001\u5e94<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TCP\/IP\u56db\u5c42\u6a21\u578b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u94fe\u8def\u5c42(\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u53e3\u5c42)\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5c42\u3001\u4f20\u8f93\u5c42\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u5c42<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730259947146.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"484\" height=\"354\" data-original=\"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730259947146.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1245\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 484px) 100vw, 484px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u901a\u4fe1\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u6ca1\u6709\u5c01\u88c5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u7684<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6d41\u7a0b-1024x498.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"498\" data-original=\"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6d41\u7a0b-1024x498.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1247\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u534f\u8bae\u683c\u5f0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>MAC\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\uff08\u7f51\u5361\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IP\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IP\u5730\u5740+\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5c01\u88c5<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730287984964.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"571\" height=\"407\" data-original=\"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730287984964.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1263\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u683c\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730288099134.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"756\" height=\"330\" data-original=\"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730288099134.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1264\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 756px) 100vw, 756px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>ARP\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u6839\u636eIP\u5730\u5740\u83b7\u53d6MAC\u5730\u5740(\u4e5f\u53eb\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5730\u5740)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u6839\u636eMAC\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4f20\u8f93<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ARP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>ARP\u8bf7\u6c42\/\u5e94\u7b54\uff1a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff08\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u5e27\u9996\u90e8\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a0806\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730289139198.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"769\" height=\"172\" data-original=\"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730289139198.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1269\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ARP\u8bf7\u6c42-1024x498.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"498\" data-original=\"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/ARP\u8bf7\u6c42-1024x498.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1266\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IP\u6bb5\u683c\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7248\u672c\uff1a IPv4(4\u5b57\u8282)\u3001IPv6(16\u5b57\u8282)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TTL<\/strong>\uff1a\u5373time to live\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5728\u8def\u7531\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u7684\u8df3\u8f6c\u4e0a\u9650\u3002\u6bcf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7531\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8be5\u503c-1\uff0c\u51cf\u4e3a0\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c06\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5305\u4e22\u5f03<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6e90IP\uff1a 32\u4f4d\uff0c\u53734\u5b57\u8282                               <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u7684IP\uff1a4\u5b57\u8282<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u89c1\u5230\u7684192.159.32.68\u662f\u70b9\u5206\u5341\u8fdb\u5236\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3astring\u7c7b\u578b\u4e86\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f32\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236 <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730289208925.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"670\" height=\"460\" data-original=\"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730289208925.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1271\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 670px) 100vw, 670px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">UDP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6e90\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff1a16\u4f4d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6700\u5927\u662f2^16 = 65536<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\uff1a16\u4f4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TCP\u6570\u636e\u62a5\u683c\u5f0f<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730292096408.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"611\" height=\"407\" data-original=\"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730292096408.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1275\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 611px) 100vw, 611px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u516d\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SYN\uff1a\u5373synchronize(\u540c\u6b65)\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ACK\uff1a\u5373acknowledgment(\u786e\u8ba4)\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u5df2\u6536\u5230\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8868\u793a1021<strong>\u4e4b\u524d<\/strong>\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u6536\u5230\u4e86<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>FIN\uff1a\u5373finish(\u7ed3\u675f)\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TCP\u534f\u8bae<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">TCP\u901a\u4fe1\u65f6\u5e8f(\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u548c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b)<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730951075461.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"477\" height=\"549\" data-original=\"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1730951075461.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1366\" style=\"width:477px;height:auto\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 477px) 100vw, 477px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u4e09\u6b21\u63e1\u624b\u5728\u5185\u6838\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b8c\u6210\uff08\u4e0d\u7528\u624b\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u662faccept\u51fd\u6570(\u670d\u52a1\u5668)\u548cconnect\u51fd\u6570(\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef)\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6ed1\u52a8\u7a97\u53e3(TCP\u6d41\u91cf\u63a7\u5236)<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1731038358410.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"563\" data-original=\"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/1731038358410.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1409\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u53d1\u9001\u7ed9\u8fde\u63a5\u5bf9\u65b9\u672c\u7aef\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\uff08\u5b9e\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9192\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u8981\u53d1\u6765\u591a\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u203bTCP\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u6362<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e3b\u52a8\u53d1\u8d77\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7aef\uff1a<code>CLOSED<\/code>\u2192\u53d1\u9001SYN\u2192<code>SYN_SENT<\/code>\u2192\u63a5\u6536SYN\u3001ACK\u2192<code>SYN_SENT<\/code>\u2192\u53d1\u9001ACK\u2192<code>ESTABLISHED<\/code>(\u6570\u636e\u901a\u4fe1\u6001)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u88ab\u52a8\u63a5\u6536\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7aef\uff1a<code>CLOSED<\/code>\u2192<code>LISTEN<\/code>\u2192\u63a5\u6536SYN\u2192<code>LISTEN<\/code>\u2192\u53d1\u9001SYN\u3001ACK\u2192<code>SYN_RCVD<\/code>\u2192\u63a5\u6536ACK\u2192<code>ESTABLISHED<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7aef\uff1a<code>ESTABLISHED<\/code>\u2192\u53d1\u9001FIN\u2192<code>FIN_WAIT_1<\/code>\u2192\u63a5\u6536ACK\u2192<code>FIN_WAIT_<\/code>2(\u534a\u5173\u95ed)\u2192\u63a5\u6536\u5bf9\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u7684FIN\u2192<code>FIN_WAIT_<\/code>2\u2192\u56de\u53d1ACK\u2192<code>TIME_WAIT<\/code>\u2192\u7b49\u5f852MSL\u65f6\u957f(120s)\u2192<code>CLOSED<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u88ab\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7aef\uff1a<code>ESTABLISHED<\/code>\u2192\u63a5\u6536FIN\u2192<code>ESTABLISHED<\/code>\u2192\u53d1\u9001ACK\u2192<code>CLOSE_WAIT<\/code>(\u6b64\u65f6\u5bf9\u7aef\u5904\u4e8e\u534a\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001)\u2192\u53d1\u9001FIN\u2192<code>LAST_ACK<\/code>\u2192\u63a5\u6536ACK\u2192<code>CLOSED<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ps\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4<code>netstat -apn | grep \u7aef\u53e3\u53f7<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><div class='fancybox-wrapper lazyload-container-unload' data-fancybox='post-images' href='https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image.png'><img class=\"lazyload lazyload-style-1\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PCEtLUFyZ29uTG9hZGluZy0tPgo8c3ZnIHdpZHRoPSIxIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjZmZmZmZmMDAiPjxnPjwvZz4KPC9zdmc+\"  loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"731\" height=\"978\" data-original=\"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/image.png\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB\/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1478\"  sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px\" \/><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u91cd\u70b9\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code>FIN_WAIT_2<\/code>\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u53d1\u51faFIN\u6536\u5230ACK\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u72b6\u6001(\u534a\u5173\u95ed)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>CLOSE_WAIT<\/code>\uff1a\u88ab\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u53d1\u9001ACK\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5bf9\u7aef\u5904\u4e8e\u534a\u5173\u95ed\u72b6\u6001 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code>TIME_WAIT<\/code>\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\uff0c\u56de\u53d1ACK\u540e\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7b49\u5f852MSL\u65f6\u957f(120s)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u534a\u5173\u95ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5373<code>FIN_WAIT_2<\/code>\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u4fe1\u53cc\u65b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u7aef\u5173\u95ed\u901a\u4fe1 (\u4f46\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u8fd8\u5728\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u63a5\u6536\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bfc\u81f4\u534a\u5173\u95ed\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>close(cfd);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>shutdown(int fd, int how);\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>fd\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>how\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SHUT_RD \u5173\u8bfb\u7aef<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SHUT_WR \u5173\u5199\u7aef<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SHUT_RDWR \u5173\u8bfb\u5199<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ps\uff1a<code>shutdown()<\/code>\u5728\u5173\u95ed\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u5168\u5173\u95ed\u65b9\u6cd5(\u5373\u628a\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u6307\u5411\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u5168\u90e8\u5173\u95ed)\uff0c\u800c<code>close()<\/code>\u53ea\u5173\u95ed\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2MSL<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u3010\u4e3b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u7aef\u3011\u5bf9\u5e94<code>TIME_WAIT<\/code>\u72b6\u6001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2aACK\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u88ab\u5bf9\u7aef\u63a5\u6536<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57282MSL\u7b49\u5f85\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u7aef\u6ca1\u6536\u5230\u6211\u53d1\u7684ACK\uff0c\u5bf9\u7aef\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u53d1\u9001FIN\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6536\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u518d\u53d1ACK\uff0c\u7b49\u5f852MSL\u65f6\u957f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u4f60\u6ca1\u6709\u5e94\u7b54\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf4\u660e\u4f60\u5927\u5927\u6982\u7387\u6536\u5230\u6211\u7684ACK\u4e86\uff0c\u56db\u6b21\u6325\u624b\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u6211\u603b\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u4e0b\u53bb\u5427<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7aef\u53e3\u590d\u7528<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3b\u52a8\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5(\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e3b\u52a8)\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5728<code>TIME_WAIT<\/code>\u72b6\u6001\u540e\u4f1a\u7b49\u5f852MSL\u65f6\u957f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6240\u7528\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684(\u5426\u5219\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53bb\u54ea\u91cc\u627e\u4f60)\u4e14\u6b64\u65f6\u57282MSL\u65f6\u957f\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5728\u88ab\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728bind\u4e4b\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7aef\u53e3\u590d\u7528<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>int opt = 1; \/\/\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7aef\u53e3\u590d\u7528<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><code>setsockopt(listen_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (void *)&amp;opt, sizeof(opt)); \/\/\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\u592a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6682\u4e0d\u6df1\u7a76<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u534f\u8bae \u534f\u8bae\uff1a\u4ece\u5e94\u7528\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u89e3\u91ca \u5178\u578b\u534f\u8bae \u5e94\u7528\u5c42\uff1aHTTP\u3001FTP\u3001NFS\u3001 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,11],"tags":[21,50],"class_list":{"0":"post-1202","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"hentry","6":"category-linux","8":"tag-linux","9":"tag-50"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1202","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1202"}],"version-history":[{"count":47,"href":"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1202\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3206,"href":"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1202\/revisions\/3206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1202"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1202"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guapicoding.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1202"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}